This chapter contains an overview of the most important changes introduced in GAP 4.10.0 release (the first public release of GAP 4.10). Later it will also contain information about subsequent update releases for GAP 4.10.
These changes are also listed on the Wiki page https://github.com/gap-system/GAP/wiki/gap-4.10-release-notes.
GAP allows declaring so-called "immediate methods". The idea is that these are very simple and fast methods which are immediately called if information about an object becomes known, in order to perform some quick deduction. For example, if the order of a group is set, there might be immediate methods which update the filters IsFinite
and IsTrivial
of the group suitably.
While this can be very elegant and useful in interactive GAP sessions, the overhead for running these immediate methods and applying their results can become a major factor in the runtime of complex computations that create thousands or millions of objects.
To address this, various steps were taken:
some immediate methods were turned into regular methods;
a special handlers for SetSize
was created that deduces properties which previously were taken care of by immediate methods;
some immediate methods were replaced by implications (set via InstallTrueMethod
), a mechanism that essentially adds zero overhead, unlike immediate methods;
various group constructors were modified to precompute and preset properties of freshly created group objects, to avoid triggering immediate methods for these.
As a result of these and other changes, consider the following example; with GAP 4.9, it takes about 130 seconds on one test system, while with GAP 4.10 it runs in about 22 seconds, i.e., more than six times faster.
G:=PcGroupCode( 741231213963541373679312045151639276850536621925972119311,11664);; IsomorphismGroups(G,PcGroupCode(CodePcGroup(G),Size(G)))<>fail;
IsPGroup
to not require finitenessThis is a small change in terms of amount of code changed, but we list it here as it has a potential (albeit rather unlikely) impact on the code written by GAP users: In the past, the GAP manual entry for IsPGroup
defined \(p\)-groups as being finite groups, which differs from the most commonly used definition for \(p\)-groups. Note however that there was not actual implication installed from IsPGroup
to IsFinite
, so it always was possible to actually created infinite groups in the filter IsPGroup
. In GAP 4.10, we adjusted (in #1545) the documentation for IsPGroup
to the commonly accepted definition for \(p\)-groups. In addition, code in the GAP library and in packages using IsPGroup
was audited and (in a very few cases) adjusted to explicitly check IsFinite
(see e.g. #2866).
It is now possible to use the garbage collector of the Julia language instead of GAP's traditional GASMAN garbage collector. This is partly motivated by a desire to allow tight integration with GAP and Julia in the future. Warning: right now, this is slower, and also requires a patched version of Julia.
Relevant pull requests: #2092, #2408, #2461, #2485, #2495, #2672, #2688, #2793, #2904, #2905, #2931.
We now provide a experimental way to allow 3rd party code to link GAP as a library; this is based on the libGAP code by SageMath, but different: while we aim to provide the same functionality, we do not rename any symbols, and we do not provide the same API. We hope that a future version of SageMath can drop its custom modifications for GAP and use this interface instead. Work is underway to achieve this goal. If you are interested in this kind of interface, please get in touch with us to help us improve it. See also this email.
To get an idea how libGAP works, you can configure GAP as normal, and then execute make testlibgap
which will build a small program that uses some of the existing API and links GAP. Relevant pull requests:
#2041 Teach FrattiniSubgroup
methods to check for solvability
#2053 Faster computation of modular inverses of integers
#2057 Various changes, including:
Improve computation of automorphism groups for fp groups (we still recommend to instead first convert the group to a computationally nice representation, such as a perm or pc group)
Add MinimalFaithfulPermutationDegree
(Reference: MinimalFaithfulPermutationDegree) attribute for finite groups
Improve performance of GQuotients(F,G)
when F
is an fp group
Some other performance and documentation tweaks
#2061, #2086, #2159, #2306 Speed up GcdInt
, LcmInt
, PValuation
, RootInt
, SmallestRootInt
, IsPrimePowerInt
#2063 Teach GAP that BPSW pseudo primes less than \(2^{64}\) are all known to be prime (the previous limit was \(10^{13}\))
#2091 Refactor DeclareAttribute
and NewAttribute
(arguments are now verified stricter)
#2115, #2204, #2272 Allow (optionally) passing a random source to many more Random
methods than before, and also to RandomList
#2136 Add shortname
entry to record returned by IsomorphismTypeInfoFiniteSimpleGroup
#2181 Implement Union(X,Y)
, where X
and Y
are in PositiveIntegers
, NonnegativeIntegers
, Integers
, GaussianIntegers
, Rationals
, GaussianRationals
, Cyclotomics
, at least where a suitable output object exists (we already provided Intersection(X,Y)
for a long time)
#2185 Implement IsCentral(M,x)
, where M
is a magma, monoid, group, ring, algebra, etc. and x
an element of M
(the documentation already claimed that these exist for a long time)
#2199 Optimize true/false conditions when coding if-statements
#2200 Add StringFormatted
(Reference: StringFormatted), PrintFormatted
(Reference: PrintFormatted), PrintToFormatted
(Reference: PrintToFormatted)
#2222 Turn hidden implications into actual implications
#2223 Add operation PositionsBound
(Reference: PositionsBound) which returns the set of all bound positions in a given list
#2225 Improve LocationFunc
for kernel function
#2232 Make ValueGlobal
faster
#2242 Add global function CycleFromList
(Reference: CycleFromList)
#2244 Make rank
argument to InstallImmediateMethod
optional, similar to InstallMethod
#2274 Ensure uniform printing of machine floats nan
, inf
, -inf
across different operating systems
#2287 Turn IsInfiniteAbelianizationGroup
into a property and add some implications involving it
#2293, #2602, #2718 Improved and documented various kernel and memory debugging facilities (requires recompiling GAP with --enable-debug
, --enable-valgrind
resp. --enable-memory-checking
)
#2308 Method selection code was rewritten from GAP to C
#2326 Change SimpleGroup
to perform better input validation and improve or correct error message for type 2E
#2375 Make last2
and last3
available in break loops
#2383 Speed improvements for automorphism groups
#2393 Track location of InstallMethod
and InstallImmediateMethod
#2422 Improve tracking of InstallMethod
and DeclareOperation
#2426 Speed up InverseMatMod
with integer modulus
#2427 Fix and complete support for custom functions (i.e., objects which can be called like a function using obj(arg)
syntax)
#2456 Add PrintString
and ViewString
methods for character tables
#2474 Change IsConstantRationalFunction
and IsUnivariateRationalFunction
to return false
if input isn't a rational function (instead of an error)
#2474 Add methods for multiplying rational functions over arbitrary rings by rationals
#2496 Finite groups whose order is known and not divisible by 4 are immediately marked as solvable
#2509 Rewrite support for .gz
compressed files to use zlib, now works on Windows
#2519, #2524, #2531 Test
now rejects empty inputs and warns if the input contains no test
#2574 When reporting syntax errors, GAP now "underlines" the complete last token, not just the position where it stopped parsing
#2577, #2613 Add quadratic and bilinear add forms for Omega(e,d,q)
#2598 Add BannerFunction
to PackageInfo.g
#2606 Improve PageSource
to work on functions that were read from a file given by a relative path
#2616 Speed up computation of quotients of associative words by using existing (but previously unused) kernel functions for that
#2640 Work on MatrixObj
and VectorObj
#2654 Make Sortex
stable
#2666, #2686 Add IsBiCoset
attribute for right cosets, which is true if the right coset is also a left coset
#2684 Add NormalSubgroups
methods for symmetric and alternating permutation groups
#2726 Validate PackageInfo.g
when loading packages
#2733 Minor performance improvements, code cleanup and very local fixes
#2750 Reject some invalid uses of ~
#2812 Reduce memory usage and improve performance the MTC (modified Todd-Coxeter) code that was rewritten in GAP 4.9, but which was much slower than the old (but buggy) code it replaced; the difference is now small, but the old code still is faster in some case.
#2855, #2877 Add IsPackageLoaded
(Reference: IsPackageLoaded)
#2878 Speed up conjugacy tests for permutation by using random permutation of points when selecting base in centraliser
#2899 TestDirectory
reports number of failures and failed files
#2192 Add an example for PRump
(Reference: PRump)
#2219 Add examples to the relations chapter (see Reference: Relations).
#2360 Document IdealDecompositionsOfPolynomial
(Reference: IdealDecompositionsOfPolynomial) (also accessible via its synonym DecomPoly
) and NormalizerViaRadical
(Reference: NormalizerViaRadical)
#2366 Do not recommend avoiding X
which is a synonym for Indeterminate
(Reference: Indeterminate)
#2432 Correct a claim about the index of Omega(e,p,q)
in SO(e,p,q)
(see SO
(Reference: SO))
#2549 Update documentation of the -T
command line option (see Reference: Command Line Options)
#2551 Add new command line option --alwaystrace
which ensures error backtraces are printed even if break loops are disabled (see Reference: Command Line Options)
#2681 Documented ClassPositionsOfSolvableRadical
(Reference: ClassPositionsOfSolvableRadical) and CharacterTableOfNormalSubgroup
(Reference: CharacterTableOfNormalSubgroup)
#2834 Improve manual section about Info
classes (see Reference: Info Functions)
#2154, #2242, #2294, #2344, #2353, #2736 Fix several potential (albeit rare) crashes related to garbage collection
#2196 Fix crash in HasKeyBag
on SPARC Solaris 11
#2305 Fix crash in PartialPerm([1,2,8],[3,4,1,2]);
#2477 Fix crash if ~
is used to modify list
#2499 Fix crash in the kernel functions {8,16,32}Bits_ExponentSums3
#2601 Fix crash in MakeImmutable(rec(x:=~));
#2665 Fix crash when an empty filename is passed
#2711 Fix crash when tracing buggy attribute/property methods that fail to return a value
#2766 Fix obscure crashes by using a!{l}
syntax inside a function (this syntax never was fully implemented and was unusable, and now has been removed)
#2085 Fix bugs in JenningsLieAlgebra
and PCentralLieAlgebra
that could e.g. lead to incorrect LieLowerCentralSeries
results
#2113 Fix IsMonomial
for reducible characters and some related improvements
#2183 Fix bug in ValueMolienSeries
that could lead to ValueMolienSeries(m,0)
not being 1
#2198 Make multiplication of larger integers by tiny floats commutative (e.g. now \(10.^{-300} * 10^{400}\) and \(10^{400} * 10.^-300\) both give infinity, while before \(10^{400} * 10.^{-300}\) gave \(1.e+100\)); also ensure various strange inputs, like rec()^1;
, produce an error (instead of setting a^1 = a
and 1*a = a
for almost any kind of object)
#2273 Fix TypeOfOperation
for setters of and-filters
#2275, #2280 Fix IsFinitelyGeneratedGroup
and IsFinitelyGeneratedMonoid
to not (incorrectly) assume that a given infinite generating set implies that there is no finite generating set
#2311 Do not set IsFinitelyGeneratedGroup
for finitely generated magmas which are not groups
#2452 Fix bug that allowed creating empty magmas in the filters IsTrivial
and IsMagmaWithInverses
#2689 Fix LogFFE
to not return negative results on 32 bit systems
#2766 Fix a bug that allowed creating corrupt permutations
#2040 Raise error if eager float literal conversion fails (fixes #1105)
#2582 Fix ExtendedVectors
for trivial vector spaces
#2617 Fix HighestWeightModule
for Lie algebras in certain cases
#2829 Fix ShallowCopy
for IteratorOfCartesianProduct
#2220 Do not set IsSubsetLocallyFiniteGroup
filter for finite fields
#2268 Handle spaces in filenames of gzipped filenames
#2269, #2660 Fix some issues with the interface between GAP and XGAP (or other similar frontends for GAP)
#2315 Prevent creation of groups of floats, just like we prevent creation of groups of cyclotomics
#2350 Fix prompt after line continuation
#2365 Fix tracing of mutable variants of One
/Zero
/Inv
/AInv
#2398 Fix PositionStream
to report correct position
#2467 Fix support for identifiers of length 1023 and more
#2470 Do not display garbage after certain syntax error messages
#2533 Fix composing a map with an identity map to not produce a range that is too big
#2638 Fix result of Random
on 64 bit big endian system to match those on little endian, and on 32 bit big endian
#2672 Fix MakeImmutable
for weak pointer objects, which previously failed to make subobjects immutable
#2674 Fix SaveWorkspace
to return false
in case of an error, and true
only if successful
#2681 Fix Display
for the character table of a trivial group
#2716 When seeding a Mersenne twister from a string, the last few characters would not be used if the string length was not a multiple of 4. Fixing this may lead to different series of random numbers being generated.
#2720 Reject workspaces made in a GAP with readline support in a GAP without, and vice versa, instead of crashing
#2657 The subobjects of the mutable values of the attributes ComputedClassFusions
, ComputedIndicators
, ComputedPowerMaps
, ComputedPrimeBlockss
are now immutable. This makes sure that the values are not accidentally changed. This change may have side-effects in users' code, for example the object returned by 0 * ComputedPowerMaps( CharacterTable( "A5" ) )[2]
had been a mutable list before the change, and is an immutable list from now on.
Remove multiple undocumented internal functions. Nobody should have been using them, but if you were, you may extract it from a previous GAP release that still contained it. (#2670, #2781 and more)
#2335 Remove several functions and variables that were deprecated for a long time: DiagonalizeIntMatNormDriven
, DeclarePackageDocumentation
, KERNEL_VERSION
, GAP_ROOT_PATHS
, LOADED_PACKAGES
, PACKAGES_VERSIONS
, IsTuple
, StateRandom
, RestoreStateRandom
, StatusRandom
, FactorCosetOperation
, ShrinkCoeffs
, ExcludeFromAutoload
, CharacterTableDisplayPrintLegendDefault
, ConnectGroupAndCharacterTable
, IsSemilatticeAsSemigroup
, CreateCompletionFiles
, PositionFirstComponent
, ViewLength
#2502 Various kernel functions now validate their inputs more carefully (making it harder to produce bad effects by accidentally passing bad data to them)
#2700 Forbid constructors with 0 arguments (they were never meaningful)
GAP 4.10.0 distribution includes 140 packages.
Added to the distribution:
The francy package by Manuel Martins, which provides an interface to draw graphics using objects. This interface allows creation of directed and undirected graphs, trees, line charts, bar charts and scatter charts. These graphical objects are drawn inside a canvas that includes a space for menus and to display informative messages. Within the canvas it is possible to interact with the graphical objects by clicking, selecting, dragging and zooming.
The JupyterVis package by Nathan Carter, which is intended for use in Jupyter Notebooks running GAP kernels and adds visualization tools for use in such notebooks, such as charts and graphs.
No longer redistributed with GAP:
The linboxing package has been unusable (it does not compile) for several years now, and is unmaintained. It was therefore dropped from the GAP package distribution. If anybody is willing to take over and fix the package, the latest sources are available at https://github.com/gap-packages/linboxing.
The recogbase package has been merged into the recog
package, and therefore is no longer distributed with GAP.
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